Ranking of world’s 20 best selling electric cars and their battery metals show automakers grappling with soaring raw material prices.

Indonesia has played a key role in global markets as a bulk materials supplier, but President Joko Widodo has pledged to eventually stop exports of all raw commodities to turn the country into a major manufacturing hub for electric transportation.

Industrial metal markets are marching higher again, as production outages and shrinking inventories revive worries about global supplies.

Rio Tinto recently committed $2.4 billion to develop a lithium-borates project in the western Jadar valley.

“We’ve got decades worth of high rates of investment into infrastructure as the world seeks to decarbonize. That’s a widely held consensual view."

Nickel was the top performer among industrial metals, which also rallied as worries eased about economic growth in top metals consumer China.

Lithium has burst into 2022 with a fresh price spike that hands electric-vehicle makers more warning of even sharper cost pressures to come.