Artisanal and Small-Scale Mining (ASM) has become a major of revenue for millions of people in about 80 countries worldwide, with more than 100 million people currently depending on the activity for their livelihoods. But at what costs?
Freeport's export permit for Grasberg, the world's second-biggest copper mine, is due to expire on Friday, as is Amman's permit to ship ore concentrate from its Batu Hijau mine on the island of Sumbawa.
New gemstones mining and marketing company is stepping up efforts to kick off operations at some of its key assets and help organize what it calls "a highly disorganized and fragmented industry."